ATTACHMENT:
Attachment: an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.
Imprinting: As described by Lorenz, the process by which certain animals (not humans) form attachments during a critical period early in life.  It is mainly seen in birds (i.e., a newly hatched chick will follow the first moving object it sees).
Critical Period: an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.
*In his study with baby monkeys and cloth or wire "mothers", Harlow found that body contact not nourishment was most important in the formation of attachment in the baby monkeys.                       
PARENTING STYLES:
Authoritarian: Parents who impose rules and expect unquestioned obedience.
Permissive: Parents who submit to their children's desires, make few demands, and use little punishment.
Authoritative: Parents who are both demanding and responsive. They exert control not only by setting rules and enforcing them but also by explaining the reasons and, especially with older children, encouraging open discussion and allowing exceptions to the rules when appropriate.
                           ADOLESCENCE
Physical Development
Puberty: the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
Primary Sex Characteristics: the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.

Secondary Sex Characteristics: nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair.
Menarche: the first menstrual period.
Cognitive Development: An important aspect of cognitive development in teens is the ability to form moral judgments.  Kohlberg outlined the
          Stages of Moral Development (Handout)
Preconventional Morality: (before age 9) the morality of self-interest.  Children obey either to avoid punishment or to obtain rewards.
Conventional Morality: (early adolescence) upholding the laws and social rules simply because they are laws and rules. Or obey rules to obtain social approval and avoid social disapproval.
Postconventional Morality: affirmation of people's agreed upon rights or following what one personally perceives as basic ethical principles.
Social Development
Identity: one's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.
Intimacy: according to Erikson, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.
(Please refer to ERIKSON handout for all stages)
                     ADULTHOOD & AGING
Menopause: the time of natural cessation of menstruation and decline in the woman's ability to reproduce.
Alzheimer's Disease: a progressive, irreversible, and fatal  brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning. NEXT PAGE